Copper tubing has been a trusted material in plumbing, refrigeration, and HVAC systems for decades. Known for its durability, corrosion resistance, and excellent heat conductivity, copper continues to be a preferred choice in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

However, not all copper tubing is the same. When working with copper pipes, you will often encounter two main categories: soft copper tubing and hard copper tubing. Both have unique properties and applications, making it essential to understand their differences before choosing the right type.

This guide explores soft vs hard copper tubing, their benefits, applications, and how to select the right tubing for your project.

What is Copper Tubing?

Copper tubing is a hollow, cylindrical tube made from copper, primarily used for carrying water, refrigerants, and gases. Copper is widely used because of its:

• Corrosion resistance against water and chemicals

• Strength and reliability under pressure

• Thermal conductivity, making it ideal for HVAC and refrigeration

• Ease of installation and longevity

Depending on the manufacturing process and treatment, copper tubing can either be soft (annealed) or hard (drawn).

What is Soft Copper Tubing?

Soft copper tubing, also known as annealed copper, is flexible and easy to bend. The annealing process involves heating and cooling the copper, which makes it softer and more pliable.

Characteristics of Soft Copper Tubing:

• Can be bent by hand without special tools

• Supplied in coils of different lengths

• Easier to install in tight spaces

• Typically used where flexibility is essential

Advantages of Soft Copper Tubing:

• Quick and easy installation

• Fewer fittings required due to flexibility

• Ideal for connections that require frequent adjustments

• Suitable for underground and refrigerant lines

Common Applications:

• Refrigeration and air conditioning systems

• Water service lines

• Fuel oil systems

• Gas distribution where local codes permit

What is Hard Copper Tubing?

Hard copper tubing, also called drawn copper, is rigid and comes in straight lengths. It is stronger than soft copper and is often used where durability and structural integrity are required.

Characteristics of Hard Copper Tubing:

• Supplied in straight lengths, usually 10 or 20 feet

• Requires cutting and soldering for installation

• Cannot be bent easily without special tools

• Available in different wall thicknesses (Type K, L, and M)

Advantages of Hard Copper Tubing:

• Strong and durable

• Withstands high pressure

• Ideal for long-lasting installations

• Provides a clean and professional appearance

Common Applications:

• Water distribution in residential and commercial buildings

• Fire sprinkler systems

• Natural gas supply lines

• Industrial piping systems

Soft vs Hard Copper Tubing: Key Differences

Which One Should You Choose?

The choice between soft and hard copper tubing depends on your specific application:

• Choose soft copper tubing if:

  • You need flexibility and easy installation

  • The tubing will run through tight spaces or underground

  • You want fewer fittings and joints

• Choose hard copper tubing if:

  • You need durability and strength

  • The system must withstand high pressure

  • A professional, rigid installation is required

Types of Copper Tubing (Based on Thickness)

Both soft and hard copper tubing are available in various types classified by wall thickness:

• Type K – Thickest walls, used for underground water and industrial use

• Type L – Medium thickness, common in residential water supply and HVAC

• Type M – Thinner walls, used for indoor water distribution at low pressure

• ACR (Air Conditioning and Refrigeration) – Specially cleaned and dehydrated for HVAC use

Advantages of Using Copper Tubing

Regardless of whether you choose soft or hard, copper tubing offers several benefits:

• Durability – Long lifespan compared to plastic alternatives

• Corrosion resistance – Stands up well to water and environmental exposure

• Recyclable – Eco-friendly and sustainable material

• Safety – Resistant to fire and does not release toxic fumes

• Efficiency – Excellent conductor of heat, making it perfect for HVAC systems

Maintenance and Care Tips

To maximize the lifespan of copper tubing:

• Use proper insulation for refrigeration lines to prevent sweating

• Avoid mixing with dissimilar metals to prevent galvanic corrosion

• Use approved fittings and joints for leak-free installation

• Conduct regular inspections in HVAC and plumbing systems

Conclusion

Both soft and hard copper tubing have distinct roles in plumbing, HVAC, and industrial applications. Soft copper tubing offers flexibility and easy installation, making it ideal for refrigeration and underground lines. On the other hand, hard copper tubing provides durability and structural strength, perfect for water distribution and gas lines.

When choosing between them, consider your application, installation environment, and durability requirements. By selecting the right type, you can ensure a reliable and long-lasting copper piping system.